It is a contagious viral disease, ranging from the simple to the severity of the infection, acute illness followed by paralysis of the mollusk for some parties, particularly the limbs in children and frequently in the spring and summer and until the end of autumn.
Polio is found in many countries of the world, particularly in developing countries and varying rates depending on the rate of vaccination coverage needed on a timely basis for sanitation and the environment, and the majority of injuries occur (90%) Among children under five years of age.
The causative microbe:
Polio-virus Polio Virus, enterovirus has three styles, all of which may cause paralysis, but style (a) is the most pervasive and paralysing, as events that cause the majority of epidemics, no reciprocal immunity between three patterns.
Sources of infection:
Human patient or HIV carrier, warehouse only, and with each case of paralytic disease is expected around 100 unregistered is not partisan, and this fact indicates that the infection is a very large warehouse.
Methods of transmission:
The virus enters through the mouth and nose can also fly spray, especially during epidemics, in other cases, the infection can be transmitted by dairy foods contaminated by the Microbe.
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Incubation period:
From 4 to 14 days.
polio symptoms:
When the transmission of the child, there are three possibilities for the stages of the disease:
1. first possibility: that the virus reaches the throat and larynx, then stops, and do not show any symptoms of the patient, and this is the most frequent and likely due to several reasons including natural immune to the child, or previous injury immune virus vaccine or vaccination.
2. the second possibility: that goes beyond virus throat to the digestive system and then to the blood and stop there, because natural immunity and antibodies that formed as a result of the entry of the virus to the blood, and here appears on infected some symptoms, such as high fever and vomit with a stiff neck and back muscles, these symptoms disappear after a few days.
3. a third possibility: that the virus to infiltrate the nervous system, affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord, where the damage occurs, resulting in paralysis of the mollusk at parties especially the lower ones.
Symptoms and signs third possibility: the acute illness-healing-residual paralysis.
In this case appears high fever accompanied with headache and pain with nausea and vomiting, and children may suffer from cramps in Royal shade LLC, followed by a phase of paralysis often limbs.
In the third week of the disease symptoms disappear and the patient's healing is similar, followed by the emergence of the remaining infected muscle paralysis, which turns into a permanent disability.
Susceptibility of infection:
A child has not been vaccinated or had never seen the disease course of infection, both resulting in paralysis, and acquired immunity after infection or vaccination with full doses remain for life.
Complications of polio:
A. physical complications:
Lead distortions associated with the disease to lack of joint mobility, which begins during the acute phase of the disease, the child feels severe pain in the muscles during movement of the parties, assisted by members of his family to sit in a comfortable position, and are often harmful to children because of a muscle spasm that dissuade hips and knees. Therefore, in the case of acute illness must be child for some time daily in situations where sensitive diastole hips and knees, with follow-up physiotherapy.
B-social complications:
The restrictions imposed on the child, family and community activities may prevent child activities that can be performed, such as:
The need for education like other healthy children, with breaking the psychological barrier and give him a chance contact with other members of the community and gain experience of life, and to facilitate the navigation methods and natural life.
Treatment:
Polio is a disease that has no specific treatment so far, and the only way to prevent vaccination and public health care.
Preventive action:
1. immediate notification when the discovery and isolation of the hospital situation, giving the necessary treatment.
2. continuous cleansing of secretions and the patient's belongings.
3. limit direct contacts with them preventive treatment (including Gamma Globulin globulins GA), giving booster of oral polio vaccination children under five years, and continue to discover any other cases.
4. vaccination and there are four kinds of them:
4. a. basic vaccinations: five doses as follows-first at the age of two months from the date of the birth-at the age of four months, 3rd at six months-and two activation, first: when the age of a year and a half, and second at four years and even enter school.
4. b. vaccinations: placed under preventive vaccines against infection in the case of suspected cases, where it is giving all children under five in the area of case two doses of vaccine with an interval of a month between them, regardless of previous vaccination.
4. c. vaccination alagtthathi: it is in areas exposed to the risk of illness, or places with low vaccination coverage, the eradication of the polio virus from the environment, and vaccination is the same way.
4. national vaccination campaigns: the country national campaigns, aimed at the eradication of the polio virus from the environment in a specific time, and raise the level of immunity against the virus, vaccination is the same way to all children below the age of five years, regardless of previous vaccination.
5. times of epidemics: the focus must be on health education about the disease and ways of transmission, and prevention with delay any surgical operations, or intramuscular injection, as they help to transform situations under alakliknet (invisible) to partisan conditions, bearing in mind the hygiene and health of the environment, and stay away from crowded places and the need to raise the proportion of chlorine in drinking water during purification.
6. the role of the community in the eradication of the disease, especially the family, the school, the Foundation and important role by:
6. n. ensure that all children have completed primary and booster doses in accordance with the table applicable vaccinations and give them any stimulatory doses.
6. cooperation with health authorities involved in implementing activities to eradicate polio once and for all.
6. c. If symptoms or suspected case of polio in the region, any child with high fever or vomiting of unknown cause, should be introduced as quickly as possible to a physician for examination and diagnosis.
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